桑螵蛸
文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
桑螵蛸SangpiaoxiaoMantidis OÖthecaMantis Egg-Case
概述 Overview
本品为螳螂科昆虫大刀螂Tenodera sinensis Saussure、小刀螂 Statilia maculata（Thunberg） 或巨斧螳螂 Hierodula patellifera （Serville）的干燥卵鞘。以上三种分别习称“团螵蛸”、“长螵蛸”及“黑螵蛸”。深秋至次春收集，除去杂质，蒸至虫卵死后，干燥。
Mantis Egg-Case is the dried egg capsule of Tenodera sinensis Saussure, Statilia maculata (Thunberg) or Hierodula patellifera (Serville) (Fam. Mantidae), commonly known as “Tianpiaoxiao”,“Changpiaoxiao”', and “Heipiaoxiao”, respectively. The drug is collected from late autumn to next spring, removed from foreign matter, killed eggs by steaming, and dried.
性状 Description
团螵蛸 略呈圆柱形或半圆形，由多层膜状薄片叠成，长2.5～4cm，宽2～3cm。表面浅黄褐色，上面带状隆起不明显，底面平坦或有凹沟。体轻，质松而韧，横断面可见外层为海绵状，内层为许多放射状排列的小室，室内各有一细小椭圆形卵，深棕色，有光泽。气微腥，味淡或微咸。
Changpiaoxiao Somewhat cylindric or semi-spheroidal ,consisting of many layers of thin overlapping membranous slices, 2.5-4 cm long, 2-3 cm wide. Externally pale yellowish-brown, the upper side with inconspicuous ribbon-like ridge, the bottom side even or grooved. Texture light, lax and tenacious. The outer part of the transverse cut surface spongy, the inner part with numerous radially arranged cells each with a minute ellipsoidal egg, eggs dark brown, lustrous. Odour, slightly stinking； taste, weak or slightly salty.
长螺蛸 略呈长条形，一端较细，长2.5～5cm，宽1～1.5cm。表面灰黄色，上面带状隆起明显，带的两侧各有一条暗棕色浅沟和斜向纹理。质硬而脆。
Changpiaoxiao Somewhat slat-shaped, narrow at one end, 2.5-5 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide. Externally greyish-yellow, the upper side with conspicuous ribbon-like ridge, each side of the ridge with one dark brown shallow groove and oblique striations. Texture hard and fragile
黑螵蛸 略呈平行四边形，长2～4cm，宽1.5～2cm。表面灰褐色，上面带状隆起明显，两侧有斜向纹理，近尾端微向上翘。质硬而韧。
Heipiaoxiao Somewhat tetragonal, 2-4 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide. Externally greyish-brown, the upper side with conspicuous ribbon-like ridge, each side of the ridge with oblique striations, the caudal end slightly curved upward. Texture hard and tenacious.
鉴别 Identification
本品粉末浅黄棕色。斯氏液装片，卵黄颗粒较多，淡黄色，类圆形，直径40～150μm，表面具不规则颗粒状物或凹孔。水合氯醛装片，卵鞘外壁碎片不规则，淡黄棕色至淡红棕色，表面具大小不等的圆形空腔，并有少量枸橼酸钙柱晶；卵鞘内层碎片淡黄色或淡黄棕色，密布大量枸橼酸钙柱晶，柱晶直径2～10μm，长至20μm。
Powder: Pale yellowish-brown. Mount with glycerin-acetic acid TS and examine microscopically, yolk grains abundant, yellowish, subrounded, 40-150 μm in diameter, surface with irregular granules or pits. Mount with chloral hydrate TS and examine microscopically, the fragments of the outer wall of egg capsules irregular, yellowish to red brownish, surface with rounded cavities varying in size, also with a few of column crystal o£ citric acid； the fragments of the inner wall of egg capsules yellowish or yellow brownish, with plentiful of column crystal of citric acid, column crystal 2-10 μm in diameter, up to 20 μm in length.
检查 Examination
水分 Water
不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832 , method 2>.
总灰分 Total ash
不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8. 0 per cent<2302>.
酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash
不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>,
饮片 Prepared slices
桑螵蛸 Mantis Egg-Case
炮制 Processing
除去杂质，蒸透，干燥。用时剪碎。
Eliminate foreign matter, steam thoroughly, dry. Cut into pieces before use.
性 Property
平。
Neutral.
味 Flavor
甘、咸。
Sweet, salty.
归经 Meridian tropism
归肝、肾经。
Liver and kidney meridians.
功能 Actions
固精缩尿，补肾助阳。
To secure essence and reduce urination, tonify the kidney, and assist yang.
主治 Indications
用于遗精滑精，遗尿尿频，小便白浊。
Seminal emission, enuresis, frequent urination, and urine with white turbidity.
用量 Dosage
5～10g。
5-10 g.
用法 Administration
无特殊要求。
No special requirements.
贮藏 Storage
置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a ventilated dry place, and protect from moth.